HD Radio Boost: F.C.C. Expands Digital Radio Services

This week, the Federal Communications Commission (F.C.C.) adopted additional policies and rules that will enhance the digital radio services now being rolled out to the American public under the banner of "HD Radio".

A Little Background

In October 2002, the FCC selected IBOC (in-band, on channel) as the technology enabling AM and FM radio broadcast stations to begin digital operations. IBOC was developed by iBiquity Digital Corporation and transmits near-CD quality audio signals to radio receivers along with new data services such as station, song and artist identification, stock and news information, and local traffic and weather bulletins.

With IBOC, a radio station is also capable of splitting its digital channel so that it may broadcast multiple streams of digital audio programming, commonly referred to as "multicasting" or "HD2".

IBOC allows broadcasters to use their current radio spectrum to transmit AM and FM analog signals simultaneously with new digital signals.

Since the Commission first authorized Digital Audio Broadcasting ("DAB"), over 1200 stations have begun or plan to begin hybrid digital broadcasting.

What's New

Today, the Commission:

• Required that each local radio station broadcasting in digital mode to simulcast a digital signal of at least comparable audio quality to its analog signal
• Adopted a flexible bandwidth policy permitting a radio station to transmit high quality audio, multiple program streams, and data casting services at its discretion
• Allowed radio stations to time broker unused digital bandwidth to third parties, subject to certain regulatory requirements
• Authorized AM nighttime operations

The Commission is now seeking further comment on the appropriate limits to the amount of subscription services that may be offered by radio stations and whether the Commission should adopt any new public interest requirements for digital audio broadcasters.

RADIO DIGITAL

RADIO DIGITAL

What does digital radio offer?

More radio stations: national, local and regional catering for all kinds of interests and groups of people.

LiveText letting you find out what you’re listening to; details of the song/artists along with the latest news/sport and weather headlines

Easy to use radios with no need to remember frequencies
You can listen to your favourite stations on the move, in the car and at home
Better reception: no more hiss and crackle
An electronic programme guide so you can record your favourite programme and listen when you want.

Some radios even let you pause and rewind your listening so you never miss a single word

Digital radio is also available via digital television and online

OB VAN

Outside broadcasting

Outside Broadcasting is the production of television or radio programmes (typically to cover news and sports events) from a mobile television studio. This mobile control room is known as an "Outside Broadcasting Van", "OB Van", "Scanner" (a BBC term), "mobile unit", "remote truck" and "production truck". Signals from cameras and microphones come into the OB Van for processing and transmission. The term "OB" is almost unheard of in the United States.

BANDUNG-Indonesia

In Bandung, city with 3 milion population, Oz Radio is the first radio station who launching a ob van -in 1995.

Specification:
Name : OZCRUISER
Vehicle : Mercedes Benz MB 800 Turbo
Facility : Mobile Studio, Mobile DJ, Built In Stage Performance & Sound System,
Multi Media Screen
Exterior & Interior Design : I-Tech Fibre Sport
Karoseri : New Armada
Hydrolic Antenna : Transmitter, Receiver & RVR Italy
Tape Player : Tascam 122 MK II
CD Player : Tascam CD-401 MK II
DJ Console : Pioneer CDJ 100 SLX
Pioneer DJ Mixer DJM 300
Pioneer EFX 500
Broadcast Audio System : Audiovolt
Tuner : Sansui TO-X310
TV : Sony
Multi Media Computer : Computer w / Intel Pentium IV Processor
Equalizer : Modjo
Virtualizer : Pro DSP 1000 P
Microphone : Beyer Dynamic M99 TG-x
Sennheizer MD 4210
Wireless Mic : Shure SM 58
Mic Compressor : Behringer MDX 2200
Headphone : Meky

Sound System

Speaker : Behringer B 1800
Behringer B 1520
Power : Peavey CS 800
Feedback Destroyer : Behringer 1100 DSP
Crossover : Behringer X Pro

List of Radio Station in Jakarta

This is a list of FM & AM radio stations in Jakarta, Indonesia, and their frequencies:

FM

Order by frequency

• Hard Rock FM: 87.6 MHz
• Mustang: 88.0 MHz
• Arief Rahman Hakim (Global Radio): 88.4 MHz
• RRI Jakarta Pro 3: 88.8 MHz
• Green Radio: 89.2 MHz
• I-Radio: 89.6 MHz
• Elshinta: 90.0 MHz
• Cosmopolitan: 90.4 MHz
• Suara Gema Pembangunan Utama (SP FM): 90.8 MHz
• RRI Jakarta Pro 1: 91.2 MHz
• Indika Milenia: 91.6 MHz
• Sonora: 92.0 MHz[1]
• PASS: 92.4 MHz
• RRI Jakarta Pro 4: 92.8 MHz
• Sentra Komedi: 93.2 MHz
• Gaya FM: 93.6 MHz
• Ben's Radio: 93.9 MHz
• Women: 94.3 MHz
• U FM: 94.7 MHz
• dosQradio: 94.9 MHz
• KIS: 95.1 MHz
• As Syafiyah: 95.5 MHz
• Smart: 95.9 MHz
• MQ 96.0 MHz
• Pelita Kasih: 96.3 MHz
• Swara Rhadana Dunia (Rhadio A): 96.7 MHz
• Dangdut TPI: 97.1 MHz
• Otomotion: 97.5MHz[2]
• U FM: 97.7 MHz
• Suara Metro: 97.9 MHz
• Radio Kayu Manis: 98.1 MHz
• Cakrawala Gita Swara: 98.3 MHz
• Gen FM: 98.7 MHz
• NTR Radio: 98.8 MHz
• Classical, News, Jazz (CNJ) Radio: 99.9 MHz
• Delta: 99.1 MHz
• Female: 99.5 MHz
• Jak-FM: 101.0 MHz
• Trax FM: 101.4 MHz
• Bahana: 101.8 MHz
• Prambors: 102.2 MHz
• Camajaya Surya Nada: 102.6 MHz
• Pop: 103.0 MHz
• Taman Mini (Radio T): 103.4 MHz
• Pesona Gita Anindita: 103.8 MHz
• El Gangga: 103.9 MHz
• MS Tri: 104.2 MHz
• NSP FM: 104.5 MHz
• Trijaya: 104.6 MHz
• RRI Jakarta Pro 2: 105.0 MHz
• Niaga Chakti Bhudi Bhakti (CBB): 105.4 MHz
• LiteFM: 105.8 MHz
• Sabda Sosok Sohor (Muara FM): 106.6 MHz
• Music City: 107.5 MHz
• Suara Metro 911: 107.8 MHz
• Jalasveva Jayamahe (JJM): 108.0 MHz

AM

• Radio Utankayu (KBR68H) : 603 kHz
• Radio Sekuntum Bungah Yonanda : 666 kHz
• Radio Grasia AM : 720 kHz
• Radio Assyafi'iyah : 792v kHz
• Radio Universitas Mercu Buana : 810 kHz
• Radio Puspa Dua Swara Cipta : 936 kHz
• RRI Jakarta Pro-3 : 999 kHz
• Suara Multazam : 1026 kHz
• Radio Cendrawasih : 1062 kHz
• Radio Safari : 1080 kHz
• Radio Swara Mahasiswa Tarumanegara : 1098 kHz
• Radio Metro Jakarta : 1224 kHz. PT. Radio Elvanda.
• RRI Jakarta Pro-4 : 1332 kHz
• Radio Angkatan Bersenjata (Radio Suara Jakarta) : 1494 kH
  
• 
  
• Radio Network :
• Elshinta
  
• Prambors
• Hardrock/MNI
• Sonora
• Trijaya Network
  
• Source : PRSSNI DKI, Wikipedia, Depkominfo
  

RADIO BROADCAST

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. The audience may be the general public or a relatively large sub-audience, such as children or young adults.

There is a wide variety of broadcasting systems, all of which have different capabilities. The smallest broadcasting systems are institutional public address systems, which transmit spoken messages and music within, for example, a school or hospital, and low-powered radio or television stations transmitting programs to a small local area. National radio and television broadcasters have nationwide coverage, using retransmitter towers, satellite systems, and cable distribution. Satellite radio and television broadcasting can cover areas as wide as entire continents, while internet channels can distribute text or streamed music and speech worldwide. Individuals can also use make use of internet services to stream or podcast sound or video.

The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. As with all technological endeavors, a number of technical terms and slang have developed. A list of these terms can be found at list of broadcasting terms. Television and radio programs are distributed through radio broadcasting or cable, often both simultaneously. By coding signals and having decoding equipment in homes, the latter also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services.

The term "broadcast" originally referred to the sowing of seeds by scattering them over a wide field. It was adopted by early radio engineers from the midwestern United States to refer to the analogous dissemenation of radio signals. Broadcasting forms a very large segment of the mass media. Broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting.

Economically there are a few ways in which stations are able to continually broadcast. Each differs in the method by which stations are funded:

• in-kind donations of time and skills by volunteers (common with community broadcasters)
• direct government payments or operation of public broadcasters
• indirect government payments, such as radio and television licenses
• grants from foundations or business entities
• selling advertising or sponsorships
• public subscription or membership

Broadcasters may rely on a combination of these business models. For example, National Public Radio, a non-commercial network within the United States, receives grants from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (which in turn receives funding from the U.S. government), by public membership, and by selling "extended credits" to corporations.

Frequency modulation

An audio signal (top) may be carried by an AM or FM radio wave.

In telecommunications, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency (contrast this with amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the carrier is varied while its frequency remains constant). In analog applications, the instantaneous frequency of the carrier is directly proportional to the instantaneous value of the input signal. Digital data can be sent by shifting the carrier's frequency among a set of discrete values, a technique known as frequency-shift keying.

FM is commonly used at VHF radio frequencies for high-fidelity broadcasts of music and speech (see FM broadcasting). Normal (analog) TV sound is also broadcast using FM. A narrow band form is used for voice communications in commercial and amateur radio settings. The type of FM used in broadcast is generally called wide-FM, or W-FM. In two-way radio, narrowband narrow-fm (N-FM) is used to conserve bandwidth. In addition, it is used to send signals into space.

FM is also used at intermediate frequencies by most analog VCR systems, including VHS, to record the luminance (black and white) portion of the video signal. FM is the only feasible method of recording video to and retrieving video from magnetic tape without extreme distortion, as video signals have a very large range of frequency components — from a few hertz to several megahertz, too wide for equalisers to work with due to electronic noise below -60 dB. FM also keeps the tape at saturation level, and therefore acts as a form of noise reduction, and a simple limiter can mask variations in the playback output, and the FM capture effect removes print-through and pre-echo. A continuous pilot-tone, if added to the signal — as was done on V2000 and many Hi-band formats — can keep mechanical jitter under control and assist timebase correction.

FM is also used at audio frequencies to synthesize sound. This technique, known as FM synthesis, was popularized by early digital synthesizers and became a standard feature for several generations of personal computer sound cards.

Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible light. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space. Information is carried by systematically changing (modulating) some property of the radiated waves, such as amplitude, frequency, or phase. When radio waves pass an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. This can be detected and transformed into souMempublikasikan Postingnd or other signals that carry information.

James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish scientist, developed the theoretical basis for explaining electromagnetism. He predicted that electric and magnetic fields can couple together to form electromagnetic waves. Heinrich Hertz, a German scientist, is credited with being the first to produce and detect such waves at radio frequencies, in 1888, using a sparkgap transmitter in the Ultra High Frequency range.

In 1893, Nikola Tesla, in America, first demonstrated the feasibility of wireless communications. Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, was one of the first to develop workable commercial radio communication. He, and his supporters, long maintained that he sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.^{[citation needed]}